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Evervault Papers

Crypto means cryptography

The most important cryptography papers spanning the past, present, and future of cryptosystems & cryptology.

Non-Malleable Cryptography
Non-Malleable Cryptography

Danny Dolev, Cynthia Dwork, & Moni Naor

On the (Im)possibility of Obfuscating Programs
On the (Im)possibility of Obfuscating Programs

Boaz Barak, Oded Goldreich, Rusell Impagliazzo, Steven Rudich, Amit Sahai, Salil Vadhan, & Ke Yang

Computer Systems Established, Maintained and Trusted by Mutually Suspicious Groups
Computer Systems Established, Maintained and Trusted by Mutually Suspicious Groups

David L. Chaum

A Digital Signature Based on a Conventional Encryption Function
A Digital Signature Based on a Conventional Encryption Function

Ralph C. Merkle

The Knowledge Complexity of Interactive Proof-Systems
The Knowledge Complexity of Interactive Proof-Systems

Shafi Goldwasser, Silvio Micali, & Charles Rackoffero

The Knowledge Complexity of Interactive Proof-Systems

The Knowledge Complexity of Interactive Proof-Systems

Shafi Goldwasser, Silvio Micali, & Charles Rackoffero — Published February 1989

In this paper, Shafi Goldwasser, Silvio Micali, and Charles Rackoffero introduced zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs).

ZKPs are a cryptographic technique that allows one party (a prover) to show another party (a verifier) that some computation is correct without revealing any information except the veracity of the statement. ZKPs provide the ability to prove the integrity of data — without revealing any underlying details about the data itself.

Goldwasser, Micali, and Goldwasser created an efficient interactive proof system: a process in which a prover probabilistically convinces a verifier of the correctness of a mathematical proposition.

In 2012, Goldwasser and Micali received the A.M. Turing Award “for transformative work that laid the complexity-theoretic foundations for the science of cryptography.”

A preliminary version of the paper appeared in 1986, and was published in revised form in 1989.

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Minimal Key Lengths for Symmetric Ciphers to Provide Adequate Commercial Security
Minimal Key Lengths for Symmetric Ciphers to Provide Adequate Commercial Security

Matt Blaze, Whit eld Diffie, Ronald L. Rivest, Bruce Schneier, Tsutomu Shimomura, Eric Thompson, & Michael Wiener

CryptDB: Protecting Confidentiality with Encrypted Query Processing
CryptDB: Protecting Confidentiality with Encrypted Query Processing

Raluca Ada Popa, Catherine M. S. Redfield, Nickolai Zeldovich, & Hari Balakrishnan

Protocols for Secure Computations
Protocols for Secure Computations

Andrew C. Yao

Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System
Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System

Satoshi Nakamoto

A fully homomorphic encryption scheme
A fully homomorphic encryption scheme

Craig Gentry

On Data Banks and Privacy Homomorphisms
On Data Banks and Privacy Homomorphisms

Ronald L. Rivest, Len Adleman, & Michael L. Dertouzos

A fast quantum mechanical algorithm for database search
A fast quantum mechanical algorithm for database search

Lov K. Grover

Polynomial-Time Algorithms for Prime Factorization and Discrete Logarithms on a Quantum Computer
Polynomial-Time Algorithms for Prime Factorization and Discrete Logarithms on a Quantum Computer

Peter Shor

Use of Elliptic Curves in Cryptography
Use of Elliptic Curves in Cryptography

Victor Miller

Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems
Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems

Neal Koblitz

A Method for Obtaining Digital Signatures and Public Key Cryptosystems
A Method for Obtaining Digital Signatures and Public Key Cryptosystems

Ronald L. Rivest, Adi Shamir, & Len Adleman

New Directions in Cryptography
New Directions in Cryptography

Whitfield Diffie & Martin E. Hellman

Cramming more components onto integrated circuits
Cramming more components onto integrated circuits

Gordon Moore

A Mathematical Theory of Cryptography
A Mathematical Theory of Cryptography

Claude E. Shannon

La Cryptographie Militaire
La Cryptographie Militaire

Auguste Kerckhoffs