Evervault Papers
Crypto means cryptography
The most important cryptography papers spanning the past, present, and future of cryptosystems & cryptology.
On the (Im)possibility of Obfuscating Programs
Computer Systems Established, Maintained and Trusted by Mutually Suspicious Groups
A Digital Signature Based on a Conventional Encryption Function
The Knowledge Complexity of Interactive Proof-Systems
Minimal Key Lengths for Symmetric Ciphers to Provide Adequate Commercial Security
CryptDB: Protecting Confidentiality with Encrypted Query Processing
Protocols for Secure Computations
Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System
Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System
Satoshi Nakamoto — Published October 2008
Bitcoin is a peer-to-peer electronic cash system which does not require a third-party to verify transactions. Bitcoin builds on decades of research in public-key cryptography.
The Bitcoin protocol was the first practical solution to the Byzantine Generals Problem, which is about establishing trust between otherwise unrelated parties over an untrusted network:
[Imagine] a group of generals of the Byzantine army camped with their troops around an enemy city. Communicating only by messenger, the generals must agree upon a common battle plan. However, one or more of them may be traitors who will try to confuse the others. The problem is to find an algorithm to ensure that the loyal generals will reach agreement.” — Leslie Lamport, Robert Shostak, and Marshall Pease
Bitcoin uses a chain of digital signatures to make coins, and hash-based proof-of-work to solve the double-spending problem — the risk that an individual could concurrently send a single unit of currency to two different sources — without the need for a trusted third party.
The ideas first introduced in Bitcoin have been further developed in other cryptocurrencies and cryptonetworks like Ethereum.
Download PDF
A fully homomorphic encryption scheme
On Data Banks and Privacy Homomorphisms
A fast quantum mechanical algorithm for database search
Polynomial-Time Algorithms for Prime Factorization and Discrete Logarithms on a Quantum Computer
Use of Elliptic Curves in Cryptography
Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems
A Method for Obtaining Digital Signatures and Public Key Cryptosystems
New Directions in Cryptography
Cramming more components onto integrated circuits
A Mathematical Theory of Cryptography
